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1.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 31(3): 189-194, May-Jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-220581

RESUMO

Introducción: Las infecciones de vías respiratorias altas y la bronquiolitis son de las patologías más comunes en la infancia. Dentro de los cuidados del paciente pediátrico la técnica de los lavados nasales es muy utilizada a nivel mundial ya que está recomendada en varias patologías sinusales. Objetivos: Sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre la técnica de los lavados nasales en el paciente pediátrico. Métodos: Búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL y COCHRANE PLUS, utilizando los descriptores: pediatrics, respiratory tract infection, bronchiolitis, nasal lavage. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 11 artículos por su pertinencia y especificidad. En los documentos las recomendaciones se estructuran en cinco epígrafes respecto a la técnica de lavados nasales. Conclusiones: Podemos recomendar según la evidencia científica el uso de suero salino isotónico estéril, la presión positiva baja con volúmenes amplios mediante jeringa desechable. En el futuro, se debería profundizar en el volumen de solución a irrigar, el material para realizar el lavado y la posición del paciente.(AU)


Introduction: Upper respiratory infections and bronchiolitis are among the most common pathologies in childhood. In paediatric patient care, the nasal lavage technique is widely used as it is recommended in various sinus pathologies. Objective. To synthesize the available evidence on nasal lavage technique in paediatric patients. Methods: Literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and COCHRANE PLUS databases, using the descriptors: paediatrics, respiratory tract infection, bronchiolitis, nasal lavage. Results: 11 articles were selected due to relevance and specificity. In the documents, the recommendations are structured in five sections regarding the LN technique. Conclusions: We can recommend, based on scientific evidence, the use of sterile isotonic saline, low positive pressure with wide volumes using a disposable syringe. In the future, the aspects of volume to be used, material and position of the patient regarding the technique should be studied in depth.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Pediatria , Infecções Respiratórias , Bronquiolite , Lavagem Nasal
2.
Metas enferm ; 24(4): 7-14, May. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223061

RESUMO

Objetivo: describir el éxito de los dos métodos de recogida orina estéril más habituales, sondaje y estimulación vesical, en menores de 2 años atendidos en urgencias del Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid).Método: estudio descriptivo de serie de casos realizado entre mayo y junio de 2018. La población diana fue la población menor de 2 años atendida por el hospital, a quienes se solicitaba una muestra de orina estéril (muestra calculada n= 206; muestreo consecutivo). Se seleccionó la técnica de recogida según el protocolo (estimulación previa a sondaje en menores de 6 meses; sondaje el resto). Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, la técnica de recogida (estimulación, sondaje vesical, estimulación con sondaje), la administración de sacarosa, el tiempo de estimulación, el número de sondajes e intentos de estimulación, la contaminación de la muestra y el malestar del paciente. Se llevaron a cabo análisis univariantes y bivariantes.Resultados: se recogieron 210 muestras (58,6% mujeres; 76,2 % < 6 meses). Se consiguió eficacia en el 91,2% de las estimulaciones tras la segunda estimulación (mediana de tiempo 41 sg [Q1 22- Q3 90]) y en el primer intento del 83,5% de los sondajes. Se contaminó el 8,8 % de las muestras recogidas por estimulación frente a ninguna por sondaje vesical (p= 0,008). El uso de sacarosa disminuyó el malestar (p= 0,028) sin afectar al éxito de las técnicas (p> 0,05).Conclusión: el éxito de ambas técnicas fue alto. La contaminación de la muestra fue menor en los sondajes vesicales que en las estimulaciones. El uso de sacarosa disminuyó el malestar y no afectó al éxito de la técnica.(AU)


Objective: to describe the success of the two most common methods for sterile urine collection, bladder catheterization and stimulation, in <2-year-old patients managed at the Emergency Unit of the Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid).Method: a descriptive study of a series of cases, conducted between May and June, 2018. The target population was the <2-year-old patient population managed by the hospital, who were requested a sterile urine sample (calculated sample n= 206; consecutive sampling). The collection technique was selected according to protocol (stimulation before catheterization in patients under 6 months of age; catheterization for the rest). Sociodemographic variables were measured, as well as the collection technique (stimulation, bladder catheterization, stimulation with catheterization), sucrose administration, time of stimulation, number of catheterization and stimulation attempts, sample contamination, and patient discomfort. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted.Results: in total, 210 samples were collected (58.6% female; 76.2% < 6 months). Efficacy was achieved in 91.2% of stimulations after the second attempt (median time: 41 seconds [Q1 22- Q3 90]) and at the first attempt in 83.5% of catheterizations. There was contamination in 8.8% of samples collected by stimulation vs. none with bladder catheterization (p= 0.008). The use of sucrose reduced the discomfort (p= 0.028) without any impact on the success of techniques (p> 0.05).Conclusion: there was high success with both techniques. Sample contamination was lower with bladder catheterizations than with stimulations. The use of sucrose reduced discomfort without any impact on technique success.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Coleta de Urina/métodos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Infecções Urinárias , Pediatria , Enfermagem , Espanha , Epidemiologia Descritiva
3.
Materials (Basel) ; 14(5)2021 Mar 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33800488

RESUMO

The Portland cement industry is presently deemed to account for around 7.4% of the carbon dioxide emitted annually worldwide. Clinker production is being reduced worldwide in response to the need to drastically lower greenhouse gas emissions. The trend began in the nineteen seventies with the advent of mineral additions to replace clinker. Blast furnace slag and fly ash, industrial by-products that were being stockpiled in waste heaps at the time, have not commonly been included in cements. Supply of these additions is no longer guaranteed, however, due to restrained activity in the source industries for the same reasons as in clinker production. The search is consequently on for other additions that may lower pollutant gas emissions without altering cement performance. In this study, bentonite, a very common clay, was used as such an addition directly, with no need for precalcination, a still novel approach that has been scantly explored to date for reinforced structural concrete with structural applications. The results of the mechanical strength and chemical resistance (to sulfates, carbonation and chlorides) tests conducted are promising. The carbonation findings proved to be of particular interest, for that is the area where cement with mineral additions tends to be least effective. In the bentonite-bearing material analysed here, however, carbonation resistance was found to be as low as or lower than that observed in plain Portland cement.

4.
Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) ; 31(3): 189-194, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33632624

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Upper respiratory infections and bronchiolitis are among the most common pathologies in childhood. In paediatric patient care, the nasal lavage technique is widely used as it is recommended in various sinus pathologies. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the available evidence on nasal lavage technique in paediatric patients. METHODS: Literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and COCHRANE PLUS databases, using the descriptors: paediatrics, respiratory tract infection, bronchiolitis, nasal lavage. RESULTS: 11 articles were selected due to relevance and specificity. In the documents, the recommendations are structured in five sections regarding the LN technique. CONCLUSIONS: We can recommend, based on scientific evidence, the use of sterile isotonic saline, low positive pressure with wide volumes using a disposable syringe. In the future, the aspects of volume to be used, material and position of the patient regarding the technique should be studied in depth.


Assuntos
Bronquiolite , Pediatria , Infecções Respiratórias , Criança , Humanos , Lavagem Nasal
5.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(6): 402-408, dic. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-973684

RESUMO

Objetivo. Eficacia de una intervención educativa para mejorar el conocimiento de las/os enfermeras/os sobre el sondaje gástrico en pediatría. Métodos. Estudio multicéntrico cuasi experimental pre- y postest mediante intervención educativa teórica basada en la evidencia bibliográfica y la evaluación de su eficacia a los 4 meses. Resultados. Cuestionarios entregados: 1019. Válidos: 557 (54,66 %) pretest, 246 (24,14 %) postest. Las respuestas pre- y postest fueron que el riesgo implícito que conllevaba siempre el procedimiento había sido percibido por el 53,2 % y aumentó al 70,7 % (p < 0,001). El 4,3 % elegía el tamaño de la sonda gástrica (SG) mediante tablas y se elevó al 24,6 % (p < 0,001). La longitud de la SG por introducir medida mediante el método nariz-oreja-distancia media xifoides-ombligo (nose-ear-mid-umbilicus; NEMU, por sus siglas en inglés) ascendió del 34,2 % al 81,3 % (p < 0,001). La comprobación de la ubicación de la SG previa a su uso pasó del 73,1 % al 86,5 % (p < 0,001). La comprobación de los cinco correctos (paciente, medicamento, dosis, vía y hora) previa a la utilización de la SG aumentó del 85,6 % al 91 %. Como métodos de comprobación, mejoró la percepción de inseguridad de la auscultación del 11,7 % al 31,1 % (p < 0,001), y disminuyó su uso del 95,1 % al 81,6 %. Creció la percepción de seguridad de la medición del pH gástrico del 71,3 % al 91,1 % (p < 0,001), y aumentó su uso del 7,6 % al 54,3 % (p < 0,001). Conclusiones. La intervención educativa resultó eficaz para incrementar el conocimiento de enfermería sobre el sondaje gástrico pediátrico.


Objective. To establish the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve nurses' knowledge on pediatric nasogastric intubation. Methods. Multicenter, quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test study using a theoretical educational intervention based on bibliographic evidence and assessment of its effectiveness after 4 months. Results. Delivered questionnaires: 1019. Valid questionnaires: 557 (54.66 %) pre-test and 246 (24.14 %) post-test. Pre- and post-test answers indicated that the implied risk always entailed by the procedure had been perceived by 53.2 % and then increased to 70.7 % (p < 0.001). Nasogastric (NG) tube size was chosen using tables by 4.3 % of participants, and increased to 24.6 % (p < 0.001). The length of NG tube to be inserted as measured by the nose-ear-midumbilicus distance (NEMU) method increased from 34.2 % to 81.3 % (p < 0.001). Confirmation of NG tube placement prior to use increased from 73.1 % to 86.5 % (p < 0.001). Confirmation of the five rights (patient, drug, dosage, route, and timing) prior to NG tube use increased from 85.6 % to 91 %. In relation to confirmation methods, the perception that auscultation was unsafe improved from 11.7 % to 31.1 % (p < 0.001), and its use reduced from 95.1 % to 81.6 %. The perception that the measurement of gastric pH was safe increased from 71.3 % to 91.1 % (p < 0.001), and its use rose from 7.6 % to 54.3 % (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The educational intervention was effective to increase nurses' knowledge on pediatric nasogastric intubation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Educação Continuada em Enfermagem/métodos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Avaliação Educacional , Suco Gástrico/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/normas
6.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 116(6): 402-408, 2018 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30457718

RESUMO

OBJETIVE: To establish the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve nurses' knowledge on pediatric nasogastric intubation. METHODS: Multicenter, quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test study using a theoretical educational intervention based on bibliographic evidence and assessment of its effectiveness after 4 months. RESULTS: Delivered questionnaires: 1019. Valid questionnaires: 557 (54.66 %) pre-test and 246 (24.14 %) post-test. Pre- and post-test answers indicated that the implied risk always entailed by the procedure had been perceived by 53.2 % and then increased to 70.7 % (p < 0.001). Nasogastric (NG) tube size was chosen using tables by 4.3 % of participants, and increased to 24.6 % (p < 0.001). The length of NG tube to be inserted as measured by the nose-ear-midumbilicus distance (NEMU) method increased from 34.2 % to 81.3 % (p < 0.001). Confirmation of NG tube placement prior to use increased from 73.1 % to 86.5 % (p < 0.001). Confirmation of the five rights (patient, drug, dosage, route, and timing) prior to NG tube use increased from 85.6 % to 91 %. In relation to confirmation methods, the perception that auscultation was unsafe improved from 11.7 % to 31.1 % (p < 0.001), and its use reduced from 95.1 % to 81.6 %. The perception that the measurement of gastric pH was safe increased from 71.3 % to 91.1 % (p < 0.001), and its use rose from 7.6 % to 54.3 % (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention was effective to increase nurses' knowledge on pediatric nasogastric intubation.


Objetivo. Eficacia de una intervención educativa para mejorar el conocimiento de las/os enfermeras/os sobre el sondaje gástrico en pediatría. Métodos. Estudio multicéntrico cuasi experimental pre- y postest mediante intervención educativa teórica basada en la evidencia bibliográfica y la evaluación de su eficacia a los 4 meses. Resultados. Cuestionarios entregados: 1019. Válidos: 557 (54,66 %) pretest, 246 (24,14 %) postest. Las respuestas pre- y postest fueron que el riesgo implícito que conllevaba siempre el procedimiento había sido percibido por el 53,2 % y aumentó al 70,7 % (p < 0,001). El 4,3 % elegía el tamaño de la sonda gástrica (SG) mediante tablas y se elevó al 24,6 % (p < 0,001). La longitud de la SG por introducir medida mediante el método nariz-oreja-distancia media xifoides-ombligo (nose-ear-mid-umbilicus; NEMU, por sus siglas en inglés) ascendió del 34,2 % al 81,3 % (p < 0,001). La comprobación de la ubicación de la SG previa a su uso pasó del 73,1 % al 86,5 % (p < 0,001). La comprobación de los cinco correctos (paciente, medicamento, dosis, vía y hora) previa a la utilización de la SG aumentó del 85,6 % al 91 %. Como métodos de comprobación, mejoró la percepción de inseguridad de la auscultación del 11,7 % al 31,1 % (p < 0,001), y disminuyó su uso del 95,1 % al 81,6 %. Creció la percepción de seguridad de la medición del pH gástrico del 71,3 % al 91,1 % (p < 0,001), y aumentó su uso del 7,6 % al 54,3 % (p < 0,001). Conclusiones. La intervención educativa resultó eficaz para incrementar el conocimiento de enfermería sobre el sondaje gástrico pediátrico.


Assuntos
Educação Continuada em Enfermagem/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Intubação Gastrointestinal/métodos , Avaliação Educacional , Feminino , Suco Gástrico/química , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 26(4): 213-219, jul.-ago. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154886

RESUMO

Los fallos relacionados con la medicación son la segunda causa de errores en pacientes hospitalizados. Los niños son un grupo de riesgo, siendo la presión asistencial del servicio de urgencias determinante en la incidencia de errores. OBJETIVO: Determinar los conocimientos de las enfermeras sobre las dosis de los medicamentos más utilizados en urgencias pediátricas. Material y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado a enfermeras de urgencias pediátricas en 14 hospitales de Madrid. Mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado se recogieron datos durante 5 días en enero de 2014: demográficos; del conocimiento en la responsabilidad del personal de enfermería en la administración y en la dosificación de estos medicamentos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo global y estratificado por tipo de hospital y experiencia laboral. RESULTADOS: La tasa de respuesta fue de 114 (34,9%). Del personal, 80 (70,8%) comprueban las dosis antes de administrarlas; 20 (18,6%) no creen que sea responsabilidad suya administrar una dosis mal prescrita. Hay mayor conocimiento entre el grupo con experiencia mayor a 5 años, excepto en sedoanalgesia (p < 0,05). La media de puntuación obtenida fue de 3,8 sobre 10 (1,99). CONCLUSIONES: El conocimiento de dosis de medicamentos de las enfermeras es deficiente


Errors in drug administration are the second cause of errors in hospitalized PATIENTS: Children are a high risk group. Besides, pressure in care interventions at emergency department leads to increase incidence errors. AIM: Determining nurses' knowledge about the most common drug doses at pediatric urgency department. METHODS: Descriptive transversal study. We collected data from nurses of 14 pediatric emergency departments of Madrid. With an 'ad hoc' questionnaire we collected the following data during five days in January of 2014: demographic, knowledge of responsibility in administration and doses of drugs. Global descriptive analysis was made and it was stratified by hospital and work experience. RESULTS: The answer rate was 114 (34.9%). Only 80 (70.8%) of nurses confirm doses before their administration; 20 (18.6%) think that a wrong prescription that they administer is not their responsibility. There is a high knowledge in the group with more than five years of work experience, except for sedative-analgesic drugs (p < 0.05). The average score obtained was 3.8 of 10 (1.99). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' knowledge about drug doses is low


Assuntos
Humanos , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/enfermagem , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Dosagem/métodos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Competência Profissional , Processo de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Uso de Medicamentos , Erros de Medicação/prevenção & controle , Enfermagem em Emergência/métodos
10.
Enferm Clin ; 26(4): 213-9, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27297176

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Errors in drug administration are the second cause of errors in hospitalized patients. Children are a high risk group. Besides, pressure in care interventions at emergency department leads to increase incidence errors. AIM: Determining nurses' knowledge about the most common drug doses at pediatric urgency department. METHODS: Descriptive transversal study. We collected data from nurses of 14 pediatric emergency departments of Madrid. With an "ad hoc" questionnaire we collected the following data during five days in January of 2014: demographic, knowledge of responsibility in administration and doses of drugs. Global descriptive analysis was made and it was stratified by hospital and work experience. RESULTS: The answer rate was 114 (34.9%). Only 80 (70.8%) of nurses confirm doses before their administration; 20 (18.6%) think that a wrong prescription that they administer is not their responsibility. There is a high knowledge in the group with more than five years of work experience, except for sedative-analgesic drugs (p<0.05). The average score obtained was 3.8 of 10 (1.99). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' knowledge about drug doses is low.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Erros de Medicação , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem no Hospital , Criança , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hospitais , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 37(9): 575-580, sept. 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-128017

RESUMO

La colocación de la sonda gástrica (SG) es un procedimiento no infrecuente en la población pediátrica. Las SG se utilizan con asiduidad en los servicios de Hospitalización, de Urgencias Pediátricas y en los de Cuidados Críticos. Sus objetivos son diagnósticos, terapéuticos y la descompresión y evacuación del contenido aspirado. La colocación a ciegas de la SG conlleva tasas de colocación incorrecta de entre un 4.7 % y un 69 % de los casos. Se necesita por lo tanto la utilización de un método fiable de determinación de la colocación de la misma. La radiografía (Rx) de tórax es el único método fiable al cien por cien (gold standard), pero solo confirma la colocación en el momento exacto de realización de la Rx. Los métodos no radiológicos son una alternativa fiable que contribuyen a reducir la exposición a radiaciones en los pacientes pediátricos. Hay diversos métodos alternativos a la Rx para verificar la colocación apropiada de la SG y que están respaldados por distintos grados de evidencia científica. Algunos son: medida de la sonda desde el punto de entrada; auscultación, aspiración del contenido estomacal o intestinal para inspeccionarlo visualmente; medición del pH; capnografía, o la combinación de varios de estos métodos. En este artículo se revisa a fondo la validez y la seguridad de algunos de estos métodos no radiológicos como métodos de comprobación de la ubicación de la SG (AU)


Nasogastric tube (NGT) placement is a frequent procedure in the paediatric population. Nasogastric and orogastric tubes are commonly used in hospitalized children, in the paediatric emergency departments and in critical care departments. They have diagnostic, therapeutic, descompression or evacuation of gastric aspirates objectives. Making a blind placement of nasogastric tubes, involve that nasogastric tube could be misplaced in 4.7 % to 69 % of cases. An accurate method for confirmation of nasogastric tube positioning is therefore needed. Chest X-ray remains the only hundred per cent reliable method (gold standard), but it only confirms tube positioning at the exact time of the X-ray. Non-radiologic verification methods provide an accurate alternative and contribute to decrease radiation exposure for pediatric patients. Non-radiologic methods to verify appropiate placement of tubes are many and are supported by different degrees of evidence in the literature: measurement of tube length from point of entry; auscultation; placing the tube in water to assess bubbling; aspiration of stomach or intestinal contents for visual inspection; pH testing; use of CO2 monitoring devices, or combinations of these methods. In this article we thoroughly review the reliability and safety of these non radiologic methods for the verification of nasogastric tube placement (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Intubação Gastrointestinal/métodos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/enfermagem , Sonda de Prospecção , Capnografia/enfermagem , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Radiografia Torácica/enfermagem
12.
Metas enferm ; 17(4): 6-11, mayo 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-124664

RESUMO

El ingreso de un niño en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) afecta tanto al paciente como a la familia. La participación es uno de los componentes de los cuidados centrados en la familia, y actualmente es uno de los movimientos más importantes dentro del cuidado pediátrico. Objetivo: conocer la opinión de los profesionales enfermeros de la UCIP acerca de la participación familiar en los cuidados del paciente. Material: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con enfermeras y auxiliares de Enfermería de la UCIP de un hospital terciario. Los datos se recogieron a través de un cuestionario ad hoc. Se efectuó un análisis descriptivo global y un análisis de significación de las diferencias en función de la categoría profesional, la experiencia laboral general y en la UCIP y el turno de trabajo. Resultados: se analizaron 44 cuestionarios (55%). Por categoría laboral: 31(70,5%) enfermeras/os y 13 (29,5%) auxiliares de Enfermería. El 65,9% del personal de Enfermería considera que los padres deben participar en el cuidado. El 40,9% expresa que la participación de los padres supone una mayor carga física, considerando como principales barreras: la falta de conocimiento delos padres (72,1%), presión asistencial (53,5%) y actividad asistencial(46,5%). La mayor experiencia laboral determina diferencias significativas en la opinión de que la participación familiar mejora el cuidado y en la percepción de buena comunicación con los familaires. Son fundamentalmente las enfermeras en relación a las auxiliares las que señalan la presión asistencial como barrera para la participación de los familiares en el cuidado. Conclusiones: en líneas generales la opinión del equipo de Enfermería es favorable hacía la participación de los familiares en los cuidados en la UCIP


The admission of a child in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit(PICU) affects both the patient and the family. Involvement is one of the components of family-centered care, and currently one of the major movements within paediatric care. Objective: to learn the opinion of the PICU nursing professionals about family involvement in patient care. Materials: transversal descriptive study conducted with PICU nurses and nursing assistants in a third level hospital. Data were collected through an ad hoc questionnaire. An overall descriptive analysis was conducted, and a significance analysis of differences based on professional category, general and PICU work experience, and work shift. Results: forty-four (44) questionnaires (55%) were analyzed. By work category: 31 (70.5%) nurses and 13 (29.5%) nursing assistants. A 65.9% of the nursing staff considers that parents must be involved in patient care. A 40.9% considers that parent involvement represents a higher physical burden, considering asthe main barriers: lack of knowledge by parents (72.1%), workload (53.5%) and care activity (46.5%). The higher work experience determines significant differences regarding the opinion that family involvement improves care, and in the perception of good communication with relatives. It is mostly nurses, rather than assistants, who point out at workload as a barrier for family involvement in patient care. Conclusions: overall, the opinion of the Nursing team is favorable regarding the involvement of relatives in PICU care


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos , Acompanhantes Formais em Exames Físicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidadores , /estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Profissional-Família , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/estatística & dados numéricos
13.
Rev Enferm ; 37(9): 23-8, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26117998

RESUMO

Nasogastric tube (NGT) placement is a frequent procedure in the paediatric population. Nasogastric and orogastric tubes are commonly used in hospitalized children, in the paediatric emergency departments and in critical care departments. They have diagnostic, therapeutic, descompression or evacuation of gastric aspirates objectives. Making a blind placement of nasogastric tubes, involve that nasogastric tube could be misplaced in 4.7 % to 69 % of cases. An accurate method for confirmation of nasogastric tube positioning is therefore needed. Chest X-ray remains the only hundred per cent reliable method (gold standard), but it only confirms tube positioning at the exact time of the X-ray. Non-radiologic verification methods provide an accurate alternative and contribute to decrease radiation exposure for pediatric patients. Non-radiologic methods to verify appropiate placement of tubes are many and are supported by different degrees of evidence in the literature: measurement of tube length from point of entry; auscultation; placing the tube in water to assess bubbling; aspiration of stomach or intestinal contents for visual inspection; pH testing; use of CO2 monitoring devices, or combinations of these methods. In this article we thoroughly review the reliability and safety of these non radiologic methods for the verification of nasogastric tube placement.


Assuntos
Intubação Gastrointestinal/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/instrumentação
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